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WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Americans' perceptions of race relations have changed little since 2016. White and black Americans diverge in their opinions on the quality of relations between various racial and ethnic groups. Americans are generally positive about relations between racial groups, but much less so about black-white relations.

	Total	Non-Hispanic whites	Blacks	Hispanics
	%	%	%	%
Whites and Asians	82	85	74	79
Blacks and Asians	66	64	69	72
Blacks and Hispanics	64	60	73	72
Whites and Hispanics	62	65	43	64
Whites and blacks	51	54	40	52
Responses sorted by "Total"
GALLUP, Nov. 19-Dec. 22, 2018

Interestingly, there is a noticeable difference between black vs. white views on relations between groups. Black Americans tend to rate relations between themselves and whites, as well as relations between whites and Hispanics, more negatively than either whites or Hispanics do. In fact, in both of these comparisons, blacks clearly differ from the other two groups.

Fewer Americans Continue to Rate Black-White Relations as Good

Before 2015, there was over a decade during which more than six out of 10 Americans described relations between whites and blacks as very or somewhat good. However, since 2015, fewer Americans on average have held that view. In the most recent polling, from November and December 2018, just over half of Americans (51%) have a positive view of black-white relations, while 47% say relations are either very or somewhat bad, only modestly better than in 2015.

These data coincide with a more racially charged political environment around the country and a stream of high-profile police-related incidents resulting in the killing of black men, often by white officers. The latest of these occurred Nov. 12 in Chicago, just days before the Nov. 19-Dec. 22 survey went into the field.

Yet the data at the national level disguise clear gaps between blacks and whites, in both their assessments of the current state of black-white relations and their optimism for eventual improvement.

Majority of Blacks Describe Current Relations as Bad

The latest poll marks the first time that more than half of black respondents have assessed black-white relations as somewhat or very bad. As late as the summer of 2013, most black Americans continued to give a more positive than negative assessment of the state of black-white relations in the U.S. And, less than a year after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, 68% of black respondents assessed race relations in the country between whites and blacks as very or somewhat good. At that time, essentially the same percentage of whites, 70%, gave the same rating. Now, the two racial groups' ratings of black-white relations diverge by 14 points; whites' opinions have improved since 2015, while blacks' have gotten worse.

Most Remain Optimistic for Better Future

Although ratings of the current state of black-white relations, among all Americans as well as blacks and whites, have fallen sharply since 2013, their opinions about whether black-white relations will always be a problem for the U.S. have been stable. Since 2002, at least half of Americans have continued to say relations between blacks and whites will eventually be worked out. Currently, 57% believe this, while 39% expect that black-white relations will always be a problem for the U.S. The high point in optimism, 67% "eventually worked out," came in a poll conducted the night after Barack Obama's election as president in 2008.

Notably, the 1990s remain the most pessimistic decade on black-white relations in the U.S.; at that time, majorities consistently predicted that such relations would always be a problem for the country. This period coincided with racially charged events that captured the nation's attention, such as the L.A. race riots and the O.J. Simpson trial.

Yet, similarly to assessments of current race relations, the lack of change in expectations nationally masks a noticeable variance between white and black respondents. Most blacks (53%) say relations between blacks and whites will always be a problem, while 38% of non-Hispanic whites share this view.

Black women (55%) are statistically as likely as black men (52%) to see such relations as always being a problem for the U.S. Perhaps as a sign of the pervasive nature of the challenge, black respondents aged 50 and older (58%) have a higher likelihood than those aged 18-49 (51%) to view relations between blacks and whites as always posing a problem for the country.

Implications

When one compares Americans' views of race relations among most racial groups, they are most divided on black-white relations. Although a majority of Americans describe the current state of black-white relations as good and express optimism that challenges between the races will be eventually worked out, black Americans describe current relations between whites and blacks as either very or somewhat bad at the highest levels of this century.

Immediately after the election of the first black U.S. president, Americans' optimism about the future of black-white relations soared. However, since 2013, Americans' overall positive perceptions on race have cooled, and perceptions among blacks have soured considerably. This period of decline has witnessed high-profile police shooting incidents involving black citizens, a , and racially charged attacks on a . All of these events captured the national attention and have kept the challenge of race relations at the forefront of Americans' minds.

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