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WASHINGTON, D.C. -- A majority of Americans say President Donald Trump's ethical standards are lower than those of each of six U.S. presidents elected in the past 50 years. Less than half say Trump's ethics are lower than Richard Nixon's, but the 43% saying this still outweighs the 37% who say Trump's ethics are higher than Nixon's.

The Sept. 3-9 ºÚÁÏÍø poll asked how Trump's ethical standards compare with those of seven of his eight predecessors. Trump fares worst in relation to Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, George H.W. and George W. Bush, each of whom has a greater-than 2-to-1 advantage over Trump in perceptions of having higher vs. lower ethics. Barack Obama and Bill Clinton have smaller, but still sizable, advantages over Trump in the public's perceptions of their ethical standards. Nixon is the closest to being on par with Trump.

Nixon, who was charged with obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and contempt of Congress as a result of his involvement in the Watergate scandal, is the only U.S. president to resign from office, which he did in 1974, before his expected impeachment. Clinton was impeached in 1998 on the grounds of perjury and obstruction of justice stemming from his extramarital affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, but he was acquitted when his case went to trial in the Senate.

Similar percentages of Americans think Trump's ethical standards are higher than Clinton's and Nixon's. However, significantly more say Trump's ethics are below Clinton's than below Nixon's. This is accounted for by higher percentages saying Trump's ethics are the same as Nixon's, or who are unsure.

ºÚÁÏÍø asked this question about Clinton in 1997, before the revelations about his involvement with Lewinsky but during the investigation into the Whitewater real estate matter. Respondents at that time were asked to compare Clinton's ethics with those of Nixon, Carter, Reagan and Bush. Majorities said Clinton's ethical standards were lower than Carter's, Reagan's and the elder Bush's, but Clinton was viewed as more ethical than Nixon, albeit by less than half of Americans.

	Clinton's ethics are higher	Clinton's ethics are lower	Same (vol.)	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
Jimmy Carter	18	61	14	7
George H.W. Bush	27	56	13	4
Ronald Reagan	29	54	14	3
Richard Nixon	47	30	15	8
(vol.) = volunteered response
GALLUP, April 18-20, 1997

Partisans Views of Trump's Ethical Standards Diverge

Trump has been dogged by allegations of sexual misconduct since before he took office, and the investigation into possible collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia continues. Yet more than eight in 10 Republicans still approve of the job he is doing.

Republicans are much more likely to say Trump's ethical standards are higher than those of Democratic presidents Obama (73% say Trump's are higher) and Clinton (78%), and are modestly more likely to say Trump's ethics are higher rather than lower compared with Carter's (47% higher, 36% lower).

However, Republicans do not rate Trump's ethics universally more positively compared with previous GOP presidents. Republicans on balance view Trump's ethical standards as lower than those of George H.W. Bush and Reagan, but higher than those of George W. Bush and Nixon.

A majority of Republicans view Trump as more ethical than Nixon, with 69% rating him as such. Rank-and-file Republicans are nearly three times more likely to say Reagan had higher ethical standards than Trump. While a plurality of Republicans rate Trump as more ethical than George W. Bush, a similar plurality say Trump is less ethical than the elder Bush.

	Trump's ethics are higher	Trump's ethics are lower
	%	%
Barack Obama
Republicans	73	18
Independents	29	61
Democrats	8	91
George W. Bush
Republicans	48	37
Independents	27	59
Democrats	8	87
Bill Clinton
Republicans	78	14
Independents	38	50
Democrats	9	87
George H.W. Bush
Republicans	38	44
Independents	26	59
Democrats	10	84
Ronald Reagan
Republicans	21	58
Independents	13	67
Democrats	9	80
Jimmy Carter
Republicans	47	36
Independents	23	58
Democrats	8	83
Richard Nixon
Republicans	69	15
Independents	38	41
Democrats	12	72
GALLUP, Sept. 3-9, 2018

Meanwhile, broad majorities of Democrats rate Trump as less ethical than all seven of his predecessors. Political independents think Trump's ethical standards are lower than all of the presidents measured except Nixon, about whom they are almost evenly divided.

Americans' Views of Top Trump Officials' Ethics are Negative and Unchanged

Americans' dim views of Trump's personal ethics extend to his top administration officials, as 7% rate the officials' ethics as "excellent," 31% "good," 17% "not good" and 40% "poor."

These findings are virtually identical to those from a May ºÚÁÏÍø poll, when 37% rated them excellent or good and 59% not good or poor. As in May, partisans' views are sharply polarized, with a majority of Republicans rating Trump officials' ethics positively and majorities of Democrats and independents rating them negatively.

	Excellent	Good	Not good	Poor
	%	%	%	%
All adults	7	31	17	40
Republicans	18	60	12	10
Independents	4	30	21	37
Democrats	2	11	15	70
GALLUP, Sept. 3-9, 2018

ºÚÁÏÍø has asked this question at least once for each president since Ronald Reagan, with limited measurements on each, and ratings of Trump's top officials remain the lowest historically.

Bottom Line

The American public's ratings of the ethical standards of Trump and his administration's top officials are generally much worse than their ratings of his predecessors. Trump is viewed as having lower ethical standards than all presidents since Nixon, who resigned when faced with imminent impeachment.

Rank-and-file Republicans continue to solidly approve of Trump. The strong economy and his follow-through on a number of campaign promises that appeal to the party's conservative wing are likely keeping him afloat. However, if special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation were to indicate that Trump acted unethically or unlawfully, Republicans' support for the president could erode.

View complete question responses and trends.

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