Russia

Next, I'd like your overall opinion of some foreign countries. What is your overall opinion of Russia? Is it very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly unfavorable or very unfavorable?

	Very favorable	Mostly favorable	Mostly unfavorable	Very unfavorable	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
2024 Feb 1-20	1	7	34	52	5
2023 Feb 1-23	3	6	31	59	1
2022 Feb 1-17	3	12	43	42	1
2021 Feb 3-18	5	17	41	36	1
2020 Feb 3-16	5	23	43	29	1
2019 Feb 1-10	3	21	41	32	3
2018 Feb 1-10	4	21	44	28	2
2017 Feb 1-5	5	23	44	26	2
2016 Feb 3-7	5	25	42	23	5
2015 Feb 8-11	4	20	45	25	6
2014 Feb 6-9	5	29	43	17	6
2013 Feb 7-10	7	37	36	14	7
2012 Feb 2-5	6	44	33	11	6
2011 Feb 2-5	5	46	32	10	7
2010 Feb 1-3	6	41	35	10	7
2009 Feb 9-12	4	36	38	15	7
2008 Feb 11-14	4	44	35	11	5
2007 Feb 1-4	6	47	32	9	6
2006 Feb 6-9	5	53	27	8	7
2005 Feb 7-10	6	55	27	6	6
2004 Feb 9-12	7	52	26	9	6
2003 Mar 14-15 ^	4	37	40	12	7
2003 Feb 3-6	6	57	20	6	11
2002 Feb 4-6	11	55	20	7	7
2001 Feb 1-4 ^	6	46	27	15	6
2000 Nov 13-15	5	35	39	14	7
2000 Mar 17-19	5	35	39	12	9
1999 Nov 4-7	4	34	44	14	4
1999 May 7-9	4	42	36	13	5
1999 Apr 13-14	3	30	45	14	8
1999 Feb 8-9	6	38	34	10	12
1997 Nov 21-23	7	49	29	7	8
1996 Mar 8-10	6	46	29	10	9
1995 Apr 21-24	5	44	32	12	7
1994 Feb 26-28	8	48	28	11	5
1992 Feb 6-9	12	45	20	13	10
1991 Nov 21-24	7	45	24	12	12
1991 Aug 23-25	9	51	22	9	9
1991 Aug 8-11	11	55	19	6	9
1991 Mar 14-17	6	44	32	10	8
1991 Jan 30-Feb 2	8	49	26	9	8
1990 Sep 10-11	7	51	23	9	10
1990 May 17-20	7	48	24	8	13
1990 Aug 10-13	8	43	27	13	9
1989 Feb 28-Mar 2	7	55	20	9	9
^ Asked of a half sample; 1989-1992 WORDING: Soviet Union
黑料网

What one country anywhere in the world do you consider to be the United States' greatest enemy today? [OPEN-ENDED]

Recent trend

	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2016
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
China	41	50	49	45	22	21	11	12
Russia	26	32	32	26	23	32	19	15
Iran	9	2	2	4	19	9	7	14
United States itself	5	1	2	1	1	2	2	1
North Korea/Korea	4	7	6	9	12	14	51	16
Israel	2	*	*	*	2	*	*	1
Ukraine	2	*	--	--	--	--	--	--
Middle East (non-specific)	1	*	--	*	1	1	*	3
Iraq	1	*	*	2	7	2	2	5
Afghanistan	*	1	1	1	1	2	*	4
Japan	*	*	*	*	1	*	*	1
Saudi Arabia	*	*	*	*	1	*	*	*
Venezuela	*	*	*	*	--	*	*	--
The Palestinian Authority	*	--	--	*	*	--	--	*
Syria	*	--	*	--	1	1	*	4
Yemen	*	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Mexico	--	--	--	1	*	1	*	*
Pakistan	--	--	--	--	1	--	*	1
Egypt	--	--	--	--	*	--	--	--
Islamic countries (non-specific)	--	--	--	--	*	--	*	1
Cuba	--	--	--	--	--	*	--	*
France	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	*
Libya	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	*
South Korea	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Other	1	1	1	*	1	3	1	8
None (vol.)	1	2	2	1	2	2	*	4
No opinion	6	3	4	6	6	8	5	11
* Less than 0.5%; (vol.) = volunteered response
黑料网

Next, I am going to read you a list of possible threats to the vital interests of the United States in the next 10 years. For each one, please tell me if you see this as a critical threat, an important but not critical threat, or not an important threat at all. The military power of Russia

	Critical	Important	Not important	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2024 Feb 1-20	50	40	8	2
2023 Feb 1-23	51	37	12	1
2022 Feb 1-17	59	35	6	1
2021 Feb 3-18	44	46	9	1
2019 Feb 1-10	52	39	8	1
2016 Feb 3-7	39	47	11	3
2015 Feb 8-11	49	41	7	3
2014 Feb 6-9	32	49	17	2
2013 Feb 7-10	29	53	17	1
2010 Feb 1-3	23	52	22	3
2004 Feb 9-12	18	50	29	3
黑料网

Next, I am going to read you a list of possible threats to the vital interests of the United States in the next 10 years. For each one, please tell me if you see this as a critical threat, an important but not critical threat, or not an important threat at all. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine

	Critical	Important	Not important	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2024 Feb 1-20	54	36	9	1
2023 Feb 1-23	56	36	8	*
2022 Feb 1-17	52	37	11	1
2015 Feb 8-11	44	45	8	3
* Less than 0.5%
黑料网

How closely have you been following the news about Russia and the 2016 U.S. presidential election -- very closely, somewhat closely, not too closely or not at all?

	Very closely	Somewhat closely	Not too closely	Not at all	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
2018 Aug 1-12	33	34	18	14	*
黑料网

Which comes closer to your view about Russian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election -- [ROTATED: Russians did not interfere in the 2016 election, Russians interfered in the 2016 election, but their actions did not change the outcome of the election, (or) Russians interfered in the 2016 election and their actions changed the outcome of the election]?

	Did not interfere	Interfered, did not change outcome	Interfered, changed outcome	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2018 Aug 1-12	16	36	39	9
黑料网

In your view, is it more important that the United States take strong diplomatic and economic steps against Russia, or is it more important that the U.S. continue efforts to improve relations with Russia?

	Take strong steps against	Continue to improve relations	Both the same (vol.)	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2018 Aug 1-12	36	58	4	3
(vol.)=volunteered response
黑料网

Please say whether you consider Russia an ally of the United States, friendly, but not an ally, unfriendly, or an enemy of the United States.

	Ally	Friendly, but not an ally	Unfriendly	Enemy	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
2018 Jul 2-8 #	6	25	37	29	2
2014 Mar 22-23 #	5	21	44	24	5
2013 Sep 15-16 #	13	31	34	16	7
2013 Jun 1-4	11	41	30	12	6
2006 Jul 6-9	18	55	16	4	6
2003 Apr 22-23	15	50	20	10	5
2003 Mar 14-15 ^	23	44	25	5	3
2001 Apr 20-22	11	45	25	13	6
2000 May 18-21	12	49	22	11	6
2000 Mar 17-19	9	34	26	14	17
1999 Apr 13	2	44	27	5	22
^ Asked of a half sample; # Asked on 黑料网 Daily tracking survey
黑料网

Do you favor or oppose the U.S. sending military weapons and equipment to the Ukraine government to use in fighting pro-Russian rebels in the eastern part of Ukraine?

	Favor	Oppose	No opinion
	%	%	%
2015 Feb 8-11	40	54	6
黑料网

Do you think the United States and Russia are heading back toward a Cold War, or not?

	Yes, are	No, are not	No opinion
	%	%	%
2014 Mar 22-23	50	43	7
黑料网

Based on what you know or have read, do you approve or disapprove of the plan proposed by Russia to work with the U.S. and other countries to dismantle and remove all chemical weapons in Syria?

	Approve	Disapprove	No opinion
	%	%	%
2013 Sep 15-16	72	18	10
黑料网

Do you think Russian President Putin's involvement in resolving the problem of chemical weapons in Syria is -- [ROTATED: more helpful to U.S. interests (or) more harmful to U.S. interests]?

	More helpful	More harmful	No difference (vol.)	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2013 Sep 15-16	51	36	1	12
(vol.) = Volunteered response
黑料网

Based on what you know or have read, do you approve or disapprove of the way Russia has handled Edward Snowden's asylum?

Asked of those who have heard of Snowden matter; figures computed on basis of national adults

	Approve	Disapprove	Not heard of (vol.)	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2013 Sep 15-16	19	50	22	9
(vol.) = Volunteered response
黑料网

Based on what you know or have read, do you approve or disapprove of Russia's policies toward gays and lesbians?

Asked of those who have heard of Russia's policies; figures computed on basis of national adults

	Approve	Disapprove	Not heard of (vol.)	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2013 Sep 15-16	7	37	46	10
(vol.) = Volunteered response
黑料网

Next, how important do you think what happens in each of the following countries is to the United States today -- would you say it is vitally important, important but not vital, not too important, or not at all important? First, how about what happens in 鈥� Russia?

	Vitally important	Important, not vital	Not too important	Not at all important	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
2011 Feb 2-5	36	46	13	3	2
2007 Feb 1-4	40	40	14	4	3
2000 May 18-21	46	40	8	3	3
黑料网

Do you approve or disapprove of the agreement between the United States and Russia to substantially reduce the number of nuclear weapons in each of these countries?

	Approve	Disapprove	No opinion
	%	%	%
2002 May 20-22	82	11	7
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Russia

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