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PRINCETON, NJ -- Americans have a decidedly mixed reaction to the "fiscal cliff" agreement reached by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama this week, with 43% saying they approve and 45% saying they disapprove. Two-thirds of Democrats approve of the agreement, while almost as many Republicans disapprove. Independents are slightly more likely to disapprove than approve.

These results are based on a one-day poll of 1,026 national adults conducted Thursday, Jan. 3, two days after the agreement was reached. The strong rank-and-file Republican opposition to the agreement appears to be in line with the opposition among Republican House members. The agreement was initially approved by a strong bipartisan vote of 89 to 8 in the Democratically controlled Senate, but passed by a much slimmer 257-167 margin in the Republican-controlled House, with 151 Republicans voting against it.

Attitudes toward the agreement are split along ideological lines, in a fashion parallel to the partisan differences. Liberals are highly likely to support the agreement, while conservatives oppose it. Moderates tilt toward approval of the agreement.

Obama and Biden Receive Highest Approval Ratings for Negotiations

Americans generally are more negative than positive about the way in which federal government leaders handled the fiscal cliff negotiations, although President Obama and Vice President Joe Biden come close to breaking even. Americans give all of the other leaders tested significantly more negative evaluations.

Obama receives a 46% approval, 48% disapproval rating on his handling of the negotiations, and Biden receives virtually the same ratio of approval to disapproval (40% to 42%) albeit with a significantly higher "no opinion" percentage.

Americans' evaluations of the work of three congressional leaders include a net negative rating of -19 for Speaker of the House John Boehner, a net negative of -21 for Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, and a net negative rating of -18 for Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell. Despite the fact that McConnell was more actively involved in the negotiations than either Reid or Boehner in the final days before the agreement was reached, McConnell's ratings are little different than those given to these other two men who had more prominent roles earlier in the negotiating process.

Americans are much more negative when asked to rate the generic "Republican leaders in Congress" than they are when asked to rate leaders listed by name or the generic "Democratic leaders in Congress." Sixty-seven percent of Americans disapprove of how Republican leaders handled the negotiations, with 25% approving, for a net negative rating of -42. The net negative rating accorded Democratic leaders is -21, essentially the same as given to Boehner, Reid, and McConnell.

Bottom Line

Although the last-minute agreement in Congress to forestall the fiscal cliff avoided what Americans perceived would be a very negative situation for the U.S. as a whole and , the American public is quite restrained in its reaction to the agreement. Slightly more Americans disapprove than approve, and Americans also give all leaders involved in the negotiations at least slightly more negative than positive evaluations for their work in arriving at an agreement. Still, Obama and Biden come out more positively on a relative basis than other leaders, as Obama did in being finalized.

Given that the agreement simply postponed discussion on possible big government spending cuts until the end of February, it is likely that Americans will be watching their leaders engage in more last-minute negotiations within just a couple of months.